To read John Vonderlin’s “Lake Pilarcitos,” Part, please click here
Charlie Ballard, “The Spirit of Farallone City,” Wrote for the “Farallone City Times”
Farallone City Times Story by Charlie Ballard, year unknown
Charlie Ballard once owned a hardware-notions store in Montara, also home to Farallone City.
A Few Words, Reminiscent and Prophetic
Things have changed since we first addressed you through the columns of the Farallone City TIMES, and it seems but fit that we should change our form and dress to keep abreast with the progress of our townsite. A year ago Farallone City was isolated. Its values were prospective. To-day it is connected with a great city with the great steel links of commerce. Its values are real. A year ago our friends consumed an hour and fifteen minutes riding down the peninsula to San Mateo on Pat. Calhoun’s electric road before starting across the country to our place. To-day it requires only a few minutes more to ride the same distance into Farallone City over a new road only half completed, without ballast, and where tracks are only temporary and grades and curves are still to be reduced. The present age is annihilating distance with modern transportation. We count distance with minutes and hours now, not blocks and miles. A year ago Farallone City was a four hour journey from the center of San Francisco, to-day it is but little more than an hour.
One year from to-day will find you and your friends stepping on Ocean Shore electric cars at at Farallone depot to be whisked over this wonderful new scenic road into the city to your business or your occupation in less than forty minutes time. And at eventide you will be whisked back from the grime and smoke and dirt of the city to the pure, free air by the seaside to forget the toil and grind of the day’s occupation until another day brings you back to it with clear mind and rested body. Such are the benefits of modern transportaton.
It is better to have a seaside suburban home for daily recuperation than to have your savings laid away for the doctor.
HOW DOES IT APPEAL TO YOU?
FARALLONE CITY is on the peninsula down which San Francisco must expand and on the popular side of it–the beach side. It will soon have less than a 40-minute electric service into the center of San Francisco. The Ocean Shore Railroad runs through it for a mile. It is designated as one of the principal division points on this new line of railroad. Both passenger and freight depots, with freight siding combine to give it commercial significance. Three additions to Farallone City have been platted and are already largely sold to home-builders. Besides these a separate subdivision lies directly back of this new town-site, and in fact constitutes a continuation of it. In this plat alone more than a thousand homesites are already sold, and many of them built upon. Here, then, are four enterprising companies joined in the development of one place instead of spreading out and attempting to develop so many separate and distinct townsites. More than two thousand home plots in this one locality now depend on Farallone City for railroad, depot, stations, beach and waterfront. What does this mean to you, Mr Home Seeker?
It means enough bona fide home builders and enough capital interested to insure you the comfort and conveniences of a modern city. What does it mean to you, Mr. Investor? It means that values at Farallone City are no longer prospective, but real. That an investment in the heart of this new suburban center is certain not only to increase in value, but to increase rapidly and permanently.
It is better to have a few dollars safely invested in your own little place than to have many dollars invested in the bank manager’s private mansion at some noted summer resort.
Hilary Mantel’s “Wolf Hall” Wins Prestigious Man Booker Prize
[Image: “Wolf Hall” author Hilary Mantel]
“Wolf Hall is the retelling of Thomas Cromwell’s life – the blacksmith boy who became Henry VIII’s right-hand man. Was he someone you had wanted to base a novel around for some time?”
For Hilary Mantel’s answer to this question and many more, please click here
John Vonderlin: Lake Pilarcitos, Part III
Story by John Vonderlin
Email John: [email protected]
Hi June,
This article from the May 22nd, 1867 issue of “The Daily Alta,” is quite interesting. It gives many details you won’t find in the official website of “San Francisco’s Early Water Sources.” You especially won’t find the description of people being able to visit and enjoy this hidden gem that concludes this article. I’ll explain why in a later posting. Please note that apparently at this time the law allowed property holders in the upper reaches of a watershed to confiscate all the water on their property and ship it elsewhere. Note too the line referring to “a liberal supply running to waste.” That’s Half Moon Bay’s water supply they are referrring to. Enjoy. John
SPRING VALLEY WATER WORKS CELEBRATION OF THE COMPLETION OF THE TUNNEL— PROJECTED WORK — THE DAM— VOLUME OF WATER, ETC, ETC.
Yesterday, the 21st inst., a number of tbe Directors and officers of tbe Spring Valley Water Works, together with several guests, met at the works of the Spring Valley Water Company, some twenty miles from the city, to inspect a new tunnel which has just been completed after nearly two years’ incessant work. A ride in the San Jose cars to the San Bruno station, and then by Concord wagons over fine roads, through valleys, over hills, up and down canyons until after some seven miles smart travelling the party came in sight of the artificial lake of pure, clear, cool, delicious water, nestled snugly amid towering hills and mountains. The lake is composed of two arms, in one of which the water has been backed up over a mile and a half, and in the other about three-fourths of a mile. The greatest depth of the water is about eighty feet, the whole lake containing at the present time eight hundred and twenty-five million 825,000,000 gallons of water, with a liberal supply running to waste.
THE TUNNEL, AND WHY BUILT.
When the Spring Valley Company was in its infancy, a small dam was constructed near the head of a water course, into which the water of several creeks were brought and stored in the rainy season for summer use. A wooden flume was then laid from this reservoir to the city, following the configuration of the country, making the distance some forty-five miles. Experience having demonstrated the great extent of the supply of water, even in the dryest seasons, the Company went to work and constructed a larger dam, and ran a tunnel to cut off distance in the fluming, saving in the wastage and fall of water. By constructing a tunnel 3,834 feet under a hill over 500 feet high, more than seven miles of fluming will be dispensed with and forty feet in height gained. Two years since, the construction of the tunnel was decided upon, and on the 20th of July, ground was broken, and the work finally completed on the 20th of this month, making twenty-two months work, night and day. Mr. H. Schussler, engineer of the Company, laid out the tunnel, and Mr. R. P. Denoon contracted to do the work. The tunnel is six feet two inches high and five feet six inches wide at the base, timbered throughout with plank six by eight inched, and the sides and ceiling covered with two-inch boards. The entire length of the tunnel is now to be laid in brick and cement, and then the water run through it. The tunnel is cut in a straight line and worked from both ends, and when the two parties of drifters met they found only three-sixteenths of an inch difference in their levels at the centre. The outlet end is six feet lower than the supply mouth, giving plenty of fall to run through a large body of water. Considerable blasting was done, and eighty kegs of powder used, though a great deal of the work was picking through a clay earth. A new tunnel in the vicinity of Lake Honda was commenced on the 7th of November last, which is to be 2,820 feet in length, and of larger dimensions than the one just finished. This will save between four and five more miles of fluming, increase the fall of the water, so as to let it into Lake Honda twenty feet higher than the present end of the flume and consequently allow the dams at the lake to be raised a corresponding height. The increased holding capacity of the lake will be many million gallons.
THE DAM AND LAKE.
The present dam was commenced early in 1865, and finished to its present height in 1867, though the water was taken from it during the greater part ot the past two years. As soon as it was high enough to supply the city, water was let into the flume. and work kept constantly going on until it was elevated 76 feet from the base, and contains, as stated above, at the present time 825.000,000 gallons of water.
The Company finding the demand for water increasing and a vast quantity lost each winter, concluded to elevate the dam so as to reach a height of 96 feet, and that work is now going on with a full force of men, calculated to finish it by October next, when the capacity will be one thousand three hundred million (1,300,000,000) gallons stowed away for a dry day. The old adage admonishes ,”Lay up for a rainy day,” but the Water Company was arranging to store this liberal supply for the “dry season” when the creeks and rivulets are apt to run dry, or nearly so.
The dam is four hundred and fifty feet through at the base, and tapers to twenty feet at the greatest height, (ninety six feet) being built like a pyramid with a slope on each side. The length of the dam on the top across the canyon is four hundred and fifty feet. There will have been used in its construction the enormous amount of 850,000 cart loads of earth, to haul which, it would take one man, at thirty loads per day, and three hundred working days per year, between ninety-four and ninety-five years.
ODDS AND ENDS
A large amount of work has been done by the Company in addition to that described, and everything in a solid and substantial manner. A fine road has been built from the old San Bruno House into the Company’s works, much of it being cutting and filling. A ride over this six or seven miles. at this season of the year, it most delightful, the whole face of the country wearing its spring garden of flowers, and grass, and grain, with lowing herds of fat, lazy cattle, which scarce deign to raise their heads as the rider dashes past them. The views from the various passes in the hills are enchanting, revealing now a snug, smiling valley, then a wild, wooded canyonn, and at another turn the broad expanse of the Bay, with the Contra Costa range of mountains, capped by the peaks of Mount Diablo. For a day’s ride, get up with the sun and start off in the geniall warmth of a San Francisco morning: a lunch basket stowed under the seat of a buggy or rockaway; a genial companion; (female, if you like it) a sail on the lake; a few hours’ trout fishing; a good drink of pure water at the fountain head: talk, romance, poetry or soft nonsense, if you please: start back at three or four o.clock, and get to town as the shades of evening close around, and you will be just tired enouch to enjoy a good, sound night’s sleep and feel better for a week or ten days after. Mr. W. H. Lawrence, the Superintendent of the Spring Valley Water Works, resides at the lake, and though always busy with his work, can spare a .few moments to point out the visitor the many interesting spots in and around Spring Valley.
John Vonderlin: 1891: Pilarcitos Lake, Part II
Story by John Vonderlin
Email John: [email protected]
Hi June,
In Part 1 about Lake Pilarcitos, I detailed how the water of Lake Pilarcitos was so pure that a famous brewery was investigating, in the 1890s, its usage for making their ale locally. I also included a story about the unknown-to-experts planting of muskalonge (muskellunge) in the lake in 1893. Here’s an article from the May 4th, 1895 issue of the “Call,” that is a followup to that planting. It’s one of a series of articles I encountered that mentioned fishing, bicycling and picnicing being allowed at Lake Pilarcitos around the turn of the 20th Century. How we went from that situation to the present, with its no or virtually no access, let alone fishing, except for water company employees, their families and friends is a little known story that I’ll cover in future postings.
“Lake Pilarcitos was opened to anglers on Monday last, and two gentlemen who returned from the latter place yesterday state that they had caught a splendid mass of trout and about half a dozen muskalonge of from one pound to two pounds in weight. It will be remembered that the Spring Valley Water Company stocked Lakes Pilarcitos and Merced about eighteen months ago with muskalonge fry, thinking that by so doing the muskalonge would thrive and eventually rid the Merced Lake of the much despised carp, which have grown very numerous in the latter. If the muskalonge are doing well in Pilarcitos Lake it is safe to say that the water company will instruct its keepers not to allow anglers to catch the fry of the fresh water sharks until such time as they will have arrived at a size when they can make trouble for anglers as well as the fish they prey upon.”
This next article was a pleasant surprise to me when I found it. It popped up when I tried a reversal of search terms at the “Chronicling America” website. Instead of using Pilarcitos Lake, which had only 15 hits, I used Lake Pilarcitos, and got 33. This article is from the May 6th, 1891 issue of “The Morning Call.” While I think the biologic facts are way off, it gives a probable explanation of why officials thought a planting of muskellunge was a good idea just two years later. Enjoy. John
1891
FISH AND GAME.
A Rash of Anglers to Lake Pilarcitos.
Evidence That Anadromous Fishes Will Not
Thrive in Fresh Water-
Now that with the exception of fingerlings, the streams adjacent to this city contain few trout, there was, as expected, a rush of anglers to Lake Pilarcitos on Saturday and Sunday. The lake was opened to the public on the Ist inst, and, as a consequence, large numbers of anglers prepared themselves for the occasion with a plentiful supply of tackle and lures best suited for lake fishing.
A Rash of Anglers to Lake Pilarcitos.
Evidence That Anadromous Fishes Will Not
Thrive in Fresh Water-
Now that with the exception of fingerlings, the streams adjacent to this city contain few trout, there was, as expected, a rush of anglers to Lake Pilarcitos on Saturday and Sunday. The lake was opened to the public on the Ist inst, and, as a consequence, large numbers of anglers prepared themselves for the occasion with a plentiful supply of tackle and lures best suited for lake fishing.
One angler, who is well-known to the fraternity, stated to a representative of The Call. yesterday, that there must have been at least calculation sixty rods on the lake on Sunday, and that with one or two exceptions the fish taken were small, the average not exceeding eight inches in length.
The great quantity of food matter which has accumulated in the lake this season has been the principal cause attributed for the exceptionally few catches of large fish. Trout or, more correctly speaking, young salmon, which the lake contains, are plentiful, but the large ones— of which will scale four pounds— are, in the language of the angler, chock full of food.
They will not be tempted to accept of an artificial lure until later in the season when the small streams which feed the lake run dry, and as a result the supply of natural food ill have become diminished to a great extent.
TROUBLED BY A PARASITE.
Quite a number of “trout” basketed on Saturday and Sunday showed the marked signs of the parasite. Complaints have been made in past years of the imperfect condition of the lake fish, owing to the attacks of a fresh-water worm, which cannot be exterminated as long as the lakes are propagated by the species of fish commonly called salmon trout.
Experienced anglers and pisciculturists laugh at the idea when told that the trout, or more correctly speaking, young salmon—steel heads— with which the Pilarcitos Lake have been stocked, will free themselves of these parasites when they become of a certain age. This is an erroneous belief. The fish of the above lake cannot escape the attacks of the fungus until they have had an opportunity of reaching their natural element— the salt water— as they belong to the class of anadromous fishes, which frequent the rivers during the spawning seasons, and immediately afterward retire to the salt water to recuperate.
The salmon, of which there are many species on this Coast are attacked by a saltwater parasite at certain seasons of the year, and to rid themselves of this troublesome pest they’re by nature endowed with an instinct which moves them to seek some fresh water river or stream to become free from this enemy.
IN FRESH AND IN SALT WATER.
When in the fresh or sweet water a few weeks the worm drops off, leaving the fish free from further annoyance on that score. But a parasite somewhat of a similar kind again attacks the fish when it remains in the fresh water any time longer than the law allows, so is speak, and unless the sufferer immediately retreats to it’s natural element it becomes lethargic and sickly and unfitted for table use.
The Pilarcitos Lake and other lakes of the water company have been stocked with this species of fish, erroneously termed salmon trout, and as a consequence the fish, unable to reach its native element—the ocean— in certain seasons of the year are attacked by a fresh-water fungus, which can never be exterminated as long as they remain in the lakes.
The Pilarcitos Lake and other lakes of the water company have been stocked with this species of fish, erroneously termed salmon trout, and as a consequence the fish, unable to reach its native element—the ocean— in certain seasons of the year are attacked by a fresh-water fungus, which can never be exterminated as long as they remain in the lakes.
It has been suggested that the water company stock its preserves with the trout proper— the native of the fresh water—that is if it hopes to have a good table fish, which will also give the angler a fight for its life. The brown trout is a beautiful fish, which would thrive in the lakes as would also the Eastern trout, a consignment of which was received by Commissioner of Hatcheries Woodberry last year, and placed in Shovel Creek, a tributary of the Klamath River.
BOTH OF THE SAME FAMILY.
Owing to the marked resemblance of the rainbow trout, which have been taken from the Klamath River for propagating purposes, to the hook-bill salmon— that is, in appearance and general characteristics— as noted by anglers, it is the opinion of many experts that both are of the same family. Several thousand young rainbows were distributed last season by the Commissioners in the rivers and streams of this and the adjoining counties. Next year will have determined the success which the stocking ofthe streams has attained in this particular.
Of the large number of anglers who fished for “trout” at Lake Pilarcitos on Saturday and Sunday, the following named returned with good messes of small fish (average size 8 inches): A. Ebbetts, J. Viadero, Holmes, Butler, Oscar Lewis, Shingle Russel, Mayers
and son, and Captain Cummlngs.
The San Andreas Lake, which is well-stocked with black bass, will, in all probability, be opened about tbe Ist prox. The young bass will then be old enough to care for themselves, and as the fish are very prolific the company need have no alarm in opening the lake to anglers, as the bass have increased wonderfully in the past two years.
###
Coastsider.com’s Barry Parr on Local Politics: Meet the Candidates
Coastsider.com’s Barry Parr says:
Coastsider now has links to candidate videos produced by Darin Boville of
Montara Fog.
We’re linking to the videos in individual stories about the Half Moon Bay
City Council, Coastside County Water District, Granada Sanitary District,
and Coastside Fire Protection District races. Come see the videos and
discuss the candidates on Coastsider.
We’ll add more links and information to these stories in coming weeks.
Absentee ballots are out this week, so now is the time to make your
thoughts known on these races.
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June adds: Vote the bums out! And check out the Half Moon Bay Review, please click here
AMC’S MAD MEN: You know what’s going to happen on Betsy Draper’s 19th century “fainting” couch, don’t you?
[Image below: The sophisticated, and, at once hard and soft Betsy (“Betts”) Draper, mother of three, who can no longer hide her need for “something more,” played to the hilt by pouty January Jones, perfectly cast in the role of wife to sexy “concealer of his dark past” Madmen advertising exec Don Draper.]
What’s going to happen on that increasingly magnetic antique “fainting couch?” that doesn’t seem to fit in with the rest of her newly redecorated living room?
What’s a “fainting couch look like?” Here’s one from Lauren Crown Fine Furniture, to visit their site, please click here
What did you think about Bett’s outside updo, the one she wore in Rome when she and Don pretended not to know one another when they met for a drink? A playful game between husband and wife: A FANTASY. They were in Rome for a quickie business meeting with the very spontaneous Conrad–or more aptly, “Con-nie”–Hilton, a charming, very likable fellow. Bett’s hairdo definitely reminded me of a character out of San Francisco’s epic BEACH BLANKET BABYLON, still playing, after all these decades at Club Fugazi in North Beach. The actors wear these enormously creative, elaborate, heavy headpieces, whole cities, sometimes , or maybe a South American banana plantation, on their small heads.
Surely one of Madmen’s fun loving hair stylists must have been inspired by Blanket Babylon’s original producer, Steve Silver, who I once met at San Jose State, where Silver was a student. As I recall, we were standing outside and Steve was sitting on a concrete ledge thingy, at once serious and carefree, swinging his legs—and I do believe he was talking about the concept for Beach Blanket Babylon, an idea that very soon turned into immensely successful reality for the City of San Francisco.
John Vonderlin: Ocean Shore RR Succumbed to the Panic of 1907
Story by John Vonderlin
Email John: [email protected]
Hi June,
A while ago I mentioned that the owners of the Ocean Shore railroad must have felt cursed by the natural events that beset them right after the turn of the 20th Century. There was the Great Quake of April, 1906, the flooding rains of March, 1907, and the disastrous line-closing rains of January, 1909.
Below is the Corrected version of the article Angelo directed you to in the February 20th, 1908, issue of “The San Francisco Call.”
{{Angelo Misthos said: A San Francisco Call 2/20/1908 article titled: “Ocean Shore Line Dream of Years,” quotes The Santa Cruz Surf newspaper’s calling attention to the pitch for the public to buy “gilt edge ” Ocean Shore bonds. Next to the article is an ad for S.F. Call want ads, which begins: “Poor Richard says: ‘He that lives upon hope will die fasting.'” Most appropriate, eh?}}
John Vonderlin continues: The article mentions another huge problem the Ocean Shore had, but euphemizes it as a “financial flurry.” Here’s what that flurry actually was– to read the story please click >> Wikipedia article entitled “The Panic of 1907.” It would seem the confluence of all these natural and manmade catastrophes ensured the railroad’s failure, despite all the enticements the Coastside’s development offered, despite the article’s assurances about this “Unparalleled Proposition.”
For those who don’t realize how close our economy came to collapse last year, read up on this and other panics and imagine no FDIC to insure bank deposits and prevent bank runs, and no Federal Reserve as a lender of last resort to prevent one company after another, one bank after another, falling like dominoes. That’s what was in the potential bond buyers minds when this article was written. When the landslides of January, 1909, closed the Ocean Shore down in many places for months, I wonder if anybody firebombed the Santa Cruz newspaper? Enjoy. John
OCEAN SHORE LINE DREAM OF YEARS
Santa Cruz Paper Reviews History of One of Coast’s Popular Enterprises
Santa Cruz Paper Reviews History of One of Coast’s Popular Enterprises
Calls Attention to Unparalleled Offer to Public to Buy Gilt Edge ßonds
The Santa Cruz Surf, under the caption “Again the Ocean Shore Railway,” says: Vicissitudes many and various have befallen this undertaking since its first inception, and these are typical and prophetic of the general conditions in California and the whole country to a degree. The Ocean Shore railway project was conceived and the company incorporated three years ago, when the country was on the crest of a bounding prosperity, and optimism regarding the future was epidemic and contagious. It was a bold enterprise fitting the times, when capital was abundant and men’s ambitions easily vaulted over difficulties.
For thirty years prophetic minds had been attracted to the rich possibilities of this coast country and its wonderful resources, material, climatic and scenic, and to the enormous transits of people which would result from closer contact between San Francisco and Santa Cruz.
It was an alluring vision to the promoter, but the engineer and the investor said nay, nay. Too many canyons to cross, too many hills to climb, too many bluffs to blast, too many tunnels to bore, and so the undertaking lay dormant year on year, decade after decade.
TIME MAKES CHANGE
Meanwhile the science of railroad engineering developed, the value of the resources of the section increased, capital became more plentlful and rates of interest reduced, vvhen. lo! suddenly the project sprang into life, vigorous, strong, self confident.
A more enthusiastic bunch never coalesced in any enterprise than the original incorporators of the Ocean Shore railway. They had a good thing, they felt sure; they had. plenty of money, and in 15 months they promised the road, double tracked, electrically
operated.
operated.
To Santa Cruz, the Ocean Shore company, came in the guise of King Fortunatus. Nothing to ask, all to bring. It literally promised to elevate Santa Cruz from a city of the . fifth; to the third class in five years without us lifting a finger. Like many another vision. of joy, this proved to be too good to be true, but nevertheless, this was the appearance, and purpose, when their enterprise first took form.
Stock in the Ocean Shore railroad was not ‘for sale. Bonds of the Ocean Shore railroad were not for sale. The incorporators were sufficient unto themselves. Thus matters went on until rights of way were secured, surveys completed and perhaps half the grading accomplished.
SOMETHING HAPPENS
Then something happened. Not our fault, or their fault, but, it happened, and in three days’ time earthquake and fire had robbed some of those interested in the company, of their fortunes and impaired the fortune of every one connected with the scheme. Some dropped out. President Harvey and a few others stayed with the ship. Then the era of stock assessments and bond sales. But the day of railroad bond sales in blocks of millions was over. Wall Street capital was no longer seeking legitimate investment. There was trouble ahead for the “system.” It became evident last year that local capital had got (sic)to lift on the enterprise if it went through. Readers of the Surf, we trust, have not forgotten the campaign for $300,000 Ocean Shore bonds from this county, made a few months ago and which seemed on the eve of realization when, again something happened.
Then something happened. Not our fault, or their fault, but, it happened, and in three days’ time earthquake and fire had robbed some of those interested in the company, of their fortunes and impaired the fortune of every one connected with the scheme. Some dropped out. President Harvey and a few others stayed with the ship. Then the era of stock assessments and bond sales. But the day of railroad bond sales in blocks of millions was over. Wall Street capital was no longer seeking legitimate investment. There was trouble ahead for the “system.” It became evident last year that local capital had got (sic)to lift on the enterprise if it went through. Readers of the Surf, we trust, have not forgotten the campaign for $300,000 Ocean Shore bonds from this county, made a few months ago and which seemed on the eve of realization when, again something happened.
The “financial flurry” scattered to the wind the plan, then so nearly perfected. Now with the new year, with new financial and commercial conditions, we are entering upon a new era with the Ocean Shore railway, as with every other industrial enterprise.
UNPARALLELED PROPOSITION
President Harvey has done what all politicians and financiers do in an emergency ~he has appealed to the people, to the “common people.” if you. please, as distinguisheded from the “capitalistic class.” He has offered a loan in sums of $100 on partial payments.
The proposition is without parallel or precedent in railroad construction. It is the beginning of a new financial era in American affairs.
Of all that has been said in the Surf about the advantage of the Ocean Sbore line, there is not a word to retract, amid the untoward circumstances.
When a railroad over this route was first projected in the early 80’s this paper prophesied that it would make its owners opulent
Every change of time has only added to the attractions of this route, only brought a larger buisiness into view. Moreover, every year has made its construction more and more; important to the city and county of Santa Cuz. When it .promised to come to us like the bag of gold at the end of the rainbowr it looked good.
Now, when the time has come when we must (sic) needs help build it ourselves or see it closed to us forever as a competitive route it not only looks good, but.it looks like a necessity to the future progress and advancement of this section. As an investment there is nothing better on the market than the Ocean Shore railway bonds. As a matter of self protection and self interest every taxpayer in this county ought to buy one or more. Every man and woman ought to be an active missionary, day by day, for the sale of these bonds, until they are all bought, and the road made a certainty.
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If you want to know more about financial panics, you might find The Panic of 1819 by Murray Rothbard of interest, for more info, please click here
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Ahhhhhhhh, the Magical Forest…with Cousin
